Progestogen-only Emergency Contraception And Morning After Pill
Does emergency contraception cause an abortion?
No. Emergency contraception may stop ovulation, or fertilisation of an egg, or stop a fertilised egg from implanting in the womb. Medical research and legal judgement are quite clear that emergency contraception (the pill or an IUD) prevents pregnancy and is not abortion. Abortion can only take place after a fertilised egg has implanted in the womb. People who believe life begins when the egg is fertilised may not wish to use the emergency contraception methods outlined in this leaflet.
Where can I get emergency contraception?
You can get the emergency pill and the emergency IUD free from:
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any general practice that provides contraceptive services
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any family planning clinic
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any young person's clinic or Brook clinic
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any sexual health clinic
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some genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics.
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Progestogen-only emergency contraception pill
What is the emergency contraception pill?
The emergency contraceptive pill is a tablet containing progestogen, a hormone which is similar to the natural progesterone women produce in their ovaries.
How do I take the emergency contraception pill?
You will be given 1 pill to take. It should be taken within 3 days (72 hours) of having unprotected sex. It is more effective the sooner it is taken.
How does the emergency contraception pill work?
The emergency pill is most likely to:
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stop an egg being released (ovulation)
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It may also stop a fertilised egg settling in your womb (implanting).
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How effective is the emergency contraception pill?
It is very effective and is more effective the sooner it is taken after sex. However, it is not as effective as using other methods of contraception regularly and does not protect you against sexually transmitted infections.
Of the pregnancies that could be expected to have occurred if no emergency contraception had been used the emergency pill will prevent:
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up to 95% if taken within 24 hours
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up to 85% if taken between 25-48 hours
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up to 58% if taken between 49-72 hours.
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If the emergency pill is taken after 72 hours it is not known how effective it will be.
Who can use the emergency contraception pill?
Most women can use the emergency pill. This includes women who are breastfeeding and women who can’t use estrogens – the same hormone that is used in the combined pill or the contraceptive patch. However, if you are taking certain prescribed medicines, or complementary medicines such as St John’s Wort, you will need special advice and the dose of the emergency pill may need to be increased.
What are the side-effects of the emergency contraception pill?
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There are no serious short- or long-term effects from using the emergency pill.
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Some women may feel sick, dizzy or tired, or may get headaches, breast tenderness or abdominal pain.
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A very small number of women will vomit.
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It can disrupt your periods.
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How will the emergency contraception pillaffect my next period?
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Your period is likely to either come on time or be a few days early or late. For some women the period can be up to a week late or sometimes even longer.
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You may have some irregular bleeding between taking the emergency pill and getting your next period. This can range from spotting to being quite heavy.
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Do I need to see a doctor or nurse after I've taken the emergency contraception pill?
Not usually, but do go and see a doctor or nurse if:
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you think you may be pregnant
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your next period is more than 7 days late
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your period is shorter or lighter than your usual period
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you have any sudden or unusual pain in your lower abdomen.
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These could be signs of an ectopic pregnancy – a pregnancy that occurs outside the womb, usually in a fallopian tube. Although this is not common, it is very serious.
You should also see a doctor or nurse if:
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you want to talk about using regular contraception
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you are worried that you might have caught a sexually transmitted infection.
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Can the emergency contraception pill fail?
The emergency pill is very effective and should be taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex. However in some women it fails and they become pregnant even though the pill was taken correctly. You may also become pregnant if you:
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delay taking the emergency pill
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vomit within 2 hours of taking the pill
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have had unprotected sex at another time, either since your last period or since taking the emergency pill.
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What if I vomit within two hours of taking the emergency contraception pill?
Speak to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. They may give you another pill and a medicine to stop you vomiting again, or suggest having a copper IUD fitted. If you vomit later than 2 hours, don’t worry, the pill will have been absorbed.
How will I know if the emergency contraception pill has worked?
If you have taken the pill correctly and your next period seems normal, it is unlikely that you will be pregnant. After you have taken the emergency pill it is recommended that you do a pregnancy test to make sure you are not pregnant if:
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you think you feel pregnant
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you have not had a normal period within 3 weeks of taking the emergency pill
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you do not have a bleed when you have the 7 day break from using the contraceptive patch or combined pill or when you take the placebo tablets with ED combined pills.
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A pregnancy test result will be accurate if the test is done from 3 weeks after the last time you had unprotected sex.
Are there any risks if the emergency contraception pill fails?
The emergency pill has not been shown to affect a pregnancy or harm a developing baby. As with any pregnancy there is a small chance that an ectopic pregnancy may occur. If you think that you may be pregnant it is important to seek advice as soon as possible to check that you do not have an ectopic pregnancy.
Will the emergency contraception pill protect me from pregnancy until my next period?
No. The emergency pill will not protect you from pregnancy if you have further unprotected sex. If this happens you should seek advice. You can use emergency contraception again.
If I'm using regular contraceptive pills or the patch, can I continue to use this after the emergency contraception pill?
Yes. If you needed emergency contraception because you forgot some of your regular pills or did not use the patch correctly, you should take a contraceptive pill again, or apply a new patch within 12 hours of taking the emergency pill. You will need to use an additional contraceptive method, such as condoms, for:
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7 days with the patch and the combined pill
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2 days with the progestogen-only pill.
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How many times can I use the emergency contraception pill?
You can take the emergency pill as many times as you need to. You can take it more than once in any one menstrual cycle. It is not dangerous to do this but it may disrupt your periods. However, using the emergency pill is not as effective as using other methods of contraception.
Can someone else get the emergency contraception pill for me?
No. You need to get the emergency pill from the doctor, nurse or pharmacist yourself. Someone else will only be given the emergency pill on your behalf in exceptional circumstances.
How can I buy the emergency contraception pill from a pharmacist?
If you are 16 or over, you can ask the pharmacist for emergency contraception. The pharmacist will need to ask you some questions as there are some circumstances when they may not be able to sell you the emergency pill. This may be the case if:
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it has been more than 72 hours since you had unprotected sex
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you have had unprotected sex more than once in this menstrual cycle
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you think that you might already be pregnant
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you are taking certain prescribed or complementary medicines
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you have certain health conditions.
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In these circumstances you will need to see a doctor or nurse. The pharmacist should be able to tell you where you can go.
Can I get emergency contraception pill in advance?
Yes, if you are worried about your contraceptive method failing, you are going on holiday, or you cannot get emergency contraception easily. Ask your doctor or nurse about this.